英格丽丝的微笑
“英格丽丝的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品学科栏目之一,专注于考研英语(二)的钻研。栏目定期分享泰祺英语教研组老师们对词汇记忆、复习规划、做题方法的心得,旨在帮助同学们梳理英语学科知识、掌握解题思路,从而更好地学习、提分。欢迎您持续关注英格丽丝的微笑,这里有:有料的知识、有趣的惊喜!
考研英语二的考试大纲写道:“根据阅读材料,考生应能理解主旨要义”。所以读文章,从宏观上把握全文的中心思想、主旨大意至关重要。重要性体现在以下两个方面:
1. 几乎每年阅读真题都有对主旨题的考查。
2. 把握好全文主旨有利于我们攻克其它题型。
下面我们就来看看如何攻克主旨题。
如何判别主旨题
要想拿下主旨题,第一步需要同学们可以迅速判别出什么样的题是主旨题。主旨题的题干标志词主要如下:
mainly about 主要关于;
mainly discuss 主要讨论;
mainly talk about 主要讨论;
the best/suitable/approximate/proper title 最好的/合适的标题;
main idea 主旨,主要观点;
summarize 总结;
focus on 集中于,等等。
另外,提醒一下,主旨题大多数时候出现在文章的第五题。
此外,还需要注意主旨题的三个要点:
1. 包含中心词,即文章反复谈论的对象;
2. 包含准确的方向,即观点、态度、举措等词汇;
3. 全面。
解题思路
判别完毕,了解完主旨题要点,就可以介绍我们正式的解题方法了。给大家提供三种不同的解题思路。
解读:所谓在题干中高频出现,指的是在5个题干中出现大于等于2次的原词或者同义词,中心词可以有1-2个。
解读:全文主旨句大多数时候出现在首段末句或第2段首句的转折处;重复出现的观点;对开头问句的回答;独句段。
解读:段落主旨句一般出现在段落首句,把每段首句串联以及末段末句串联起来可以找到全文主旨,注意转折处。
如果能够用“词”解决的可以用“词”解决,“词”解决不了的,可以用“一句”解决,“一句”解决不了的也可以借助“几句”来解决。当然如果时间充足,也可以多重保险,相互印证。
那我们来看几个例子。
真题解析
例1: 2016年Text 3
35.The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading (如何享受轻松阅读)
[B] How to Find Time to Read (如何找到时间阅读)
[C] How to Set Reading Goals (如何设定阅读目标)
[D] How to Read Extensively(如何进行广泛阅读)
31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because .
32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if .
35. The best title for this text could be .
例2:2017年 Text 3
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year(支持间隔年)
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year(间隔年的基本知识)
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back(间隔年再度兴起)
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma(间隔年:一个艰难抉择)
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .
33. The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
分析:通过对五个题干的观察,a gap year(间隔年) 是高频中心词,但是ABCD四个选项都有the gap year, 所以这个方法不能帮助我们找到答案,我们再往下找另一个方法。
如上文所说,全文主旨句一般在首段末句或第2段首句的转折处;重复出现的观点;对开头问句的回答;独句段。
句:第2段首句But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.
分析:这篇文章第2段首句有转折词but, 这句话的意思是:但是尽管这可能是对的,但这不足以成为谴责(condemn)间隔年的理由。那作者对间隔年的态度是正面的。因此可以选择A选项In Favor of the Gap Year(支持间隔年)。
同学们还可以尝试用第三种方法做噢。
例3:2010年 Text 1
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices (艺术品价格的波动)
[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions(最新的艺术品拍卖)
[C] Art Market in Decline(衰退的艺术品市场)
[D] Shifted Interest in Arts(对艺术品的兴趣变化)
21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because .
22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1~2, Para. 3), the author suggests that .
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
分析:五个题干中没有明显高频词,可以跳到下一步。
无明显全文主旨句,可以再跳到下一步。
主1首句:The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008.
主2首句:The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.
主3首句:In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.
主4首句:The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.
主5首句:What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market.
末段末句:But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
分析:可以看到,高频出现在各段句首的词为the art market(艺术市场),观察四个选项,只有C选项Art Market in Decline(衰退的艺术品市场) 包含中心词;同时,我们也可以看出来,ended(结束);losing momentum(失去势头);unfashionable(过时);downturn(衰退);worst(最糟糕);slump(骤跌)都是负面方向的词,和C选项中的decline(衰退)方向一致。
今天的内容就到这里啦,同学们也可以针对性地对历年真题中的主旨题进行练习,我们下期再见。有任何疑问或想法都欢迎在评论区留言哦~