“英格丽丝的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品学科栏目之一,专注于考研英语(二)的钻研。栏目定期分享泰祺英语教研组老师们对词汇记忆、复习规划、做题方法的心得,旨在帮助同学们梳理英语学科知识、掌握解题思路,从而更好地学习、提分。欢迎您持续关注英格丽丝的微笑,这里有:有料的知识、有趣的惊喜!
本文作者:张南海老师(Coco)
泰祺教育英语教研组老师
想必大家都知道“得阅读者得天下”这句话,由此可见阅读理解在英语(二)考试中的重要性。上期我们提供了做主旨题的思路和方法,这期我给大家带来阅读理解中例证题的解题思路及技巧,请配合真题享用~
什么叫做例证题?
什么叫做例证题?首先我们先看下最典型的例证题长什么样。
【例1】
The author mentions Colleen’s example to show . (2008, Passage 3, 第54题)
The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that . (2008, Passage 4, 第60题)
通过上面两道真题,不难发现最典型的例证题会出现example这样的关键词。
不过现在的出题老师可是“坏的很”哦,可不会让你们那么简单能看出来这是例证题,来品品这两道题目:
The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . (2013, Text 1, 第21题)
McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that . (14年Text 1, 第23题)
相信一定会有些同学认为这是细节题吧?这两题算是比较进阶的例证题问法了,直接用例子中的关键词,问你该例子是证明什么。需要先判断出“The joke”和“McRib”在文中是论据,才能判断出它们是例证题。所以在问法上就增加了难度,一定要仔细辨别哦!
这里要明确一点,例证题考的是论点,而不是论据本身。因为在英语二阅读中,我们文章的体裁都是议论文,议论文是由论点和论据构成的,而所有的例子都是用来证明观点的。因此,问某个例子证明什么,它考的一定是该例子的论点。
例证题的解题步骤
明确完例证题的考查方向后,我们就可学习它的解题方法了。这里给大家准备了一个思维导图,记得长按保存哦~
Step 2: 找论据所对应的论点(80%往论据前面找,20%往论据后面找)
注:有80%的情况作者是先写论点,再写论据去证明论点。还有20%的情况作者会先写论据,再由论据来引出论点。所以大家找观点时,要注意论据前后都留意一下。
Step 3: 选出与论点匹配的选项——画出选项中的对象,对应原文谈论的对象。
例证题真题解析
接下来我们用上面的解题步骤来做2013年英语二真题阅读。
真题:
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . (2013 Text 1)
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
读完题干,发现出题老师超好心地告诉了我们论据“The joke”出现在第一段的位置。
Para 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
找论据所对应的论点(80%往论据前面找,20%往论据后面找)
但读完第一段,只知道The joke是指现代纺织厂自动化程度很高,并没有发现论点。这时,我们往后看去找论点。
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
通过第二段point一词,可以得知后文是观点处,指出这种现象背后的原因,这里提到两个原因,一个是the big drop in demand,一个是the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution。并且这里出现了转折连词but,则语义重心出现转移,重点在but后,所以作者想强调的原因是“全球化和信息技术的发展”。
选出与论点匹配的选项——画出选项中的对象,对应原文谈论的对象
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .
[A] the impact of technological advances 技术进步
[B] the alleviation of job pressure 工作压力
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills 纺织厂
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes 中产阶级收入
画出选项中的对象后,对应论点中最主要的原因,发现B、C、D的对象与论点的对象无关,A选项的是“技术进步的影响”,与论点相对应,所以可得出正确答案是A。
是不是发现这种方法还不错呢?下面我们再来看2014年英语二真题阅读Text 1这篇文章的例证题:
真题:
23. McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that . (2014 Text 1)
[A] popularity usually comes after quality
[B] consumers are sometimes irrational
[C] marketing tricks are after effective
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure
这道题问的是:第三段中的提到McRib是为了证明了什么?接下来我们依旧用三步骤来解题。
…... Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
找论据所对应的论点(80%往论据前面找,20%往论据后面找)
McRib出现在第三段的最后一句话,是论据部分,很自然的往前句找论点。不难看出这句话其实有两个论点:
Point A: Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself.
Point B: luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 在这里有个就近原则:如果观点中有point A 和 point B,后面的例子则是证明point B的。
所以找论据所对应的观点,找和它最近的观点即可。最后确定下来论点是Point B: luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 有节制的消费奢侈品才能带给人最大的快乐。
选出与论点匹配的选项——画出选项中的对象,对应原文谈论的对象
23.McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that .
[A] popularity usually comes after quality 流行
[B] consumers are sometimes irrational 消费者
[C] marketing tricks are after effective 营销策略
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure 稀有物
通过划出对象,我们发现A、B、C的对象与观点的对象也无关,D选项的意思是:“稀有的东西可以提升愉悦感”与论点相对应,McRib是为了证明“越稀有的东西越令人愉快并为之所着迷”。所以正确答案选D。
这题的B和C选项都是强干扰选项,不少同学都会掉到坑里,尤其注意的是C选项“营销策略通常会起效”是论据本身。做例证题时你会发现,通常有一个选项是论据本身,不能选!
通过两道例证题的分析,大家有没有发现,例证题的解题方法结合文章语义重心的位置,可以快速选出正确答案。同学们一定要多加练习哦~